SOLVAY, NY — 1996-07-15 00:00:00
OSHA Inspection: LANDIS PLASTICS, INC.

Complaint inspection · Health discipline
At a glance
On 1996-07-15 00:00:00, OSHA opened a complaint health inspection of LANDIS PLASTICS, INC. in 1500 MILTON AVE, SOLVAY, NY 13209 (NAICS 000000). OSHA activity number 300623782.
What this inspection record means
OSHA opens inspections for many reasons — routine scheduling under a national or local emphasis program, an employee complaint or referral, or a follow-up after a reported injury. Opening or conducting an inspection is not itself an allegation or a finding that this employer broke any rule; any findings appear as the citations listed below, and citations can be contested, reduced, or withdrawn.
Watch Landis Plastics, INC. — free Get an email when a new federal OSHA severe-injury report for Landis Plastics, INC. is published. One employer, no account, unsubscribe in one click.
Where did this inspection happen?
Establishment: LANDIS PLASTICS, INC.
Site address: 1500 MILTON AVE
City: SOLVAY
State: NY
ZIP: 13209
What kind of inspection was it?
Inspection type: Complaint (B)
Scope: Complete (A)
Discipline: Health
Advance notice: No
Union status: N
When did the case open and close?
Opened: 1996-07-15 00:00:00
Closing conference: 1997-01-14 00:00:00
Case closed: 1999-11-19 00:00:00
Data loaded: 2011-10-14 16:38:47
Establishment context
NAICS code: 000000
SIC code (legacy): 3089
Employees: 170
Ownership type: A
Citations
77 citations on file for this inspection.
5(a)(1)

Serious Gravity 10 1 instance 100 exposed
Issued: Jan 14, 1997
Abate by: Oct 1, 1999
Penalty: Initial $7,000 · Current $4,200 Reduced
General-duty citation text
THE ANALYSIS OF THE VIDEO TAPE IDENTIFIES HAZARDS AND SUGGESTS CONTROLS
WHICH
WILL REDUCE THE RISK OF INJURY TO THE EMPLOYEES PERFORMING THOSE TASKS.
EACH
SUBMITTED TASK WAS STUDIED TO DETERMINE THE ERGONOMIC EFFECTS OF SEVERAL
DIFFERENT FACTORS.  THESE FACTORS ARE:
*FREQUENCY OF THE ACTION OR WORK CYCLE.
*AWKWARD POSTURES REQUIRED TO PERFORM THE TASK.
*FORCEFUL EXERTIONS REQUIRED BY THE TASK.
Section 5(a)(1) of the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970:  The
*WORKPLACE CONDITIONS THAT MAY AFFECT THE HAZARD PRESENTED BY A TASK.
*TOOLS OR CLOTHING USED ON THE JOB WHICH MAY AFFECT THE HAZARD PRESENTED BY
THE TASK.
ALL FACTORS WERE ADDRESSED IN EACH TASK.  IF A FACTOR WAS NOT DISCUSSED IN
A
PARTICULAR TASK IT WAS DEEMED TO POSE A MINIMAL PROBLEM IN THAT TASK OR IT
WAS
NOT POSSIBLE TO MAKE AN ADEQUATE DETERMINATION FROM THE SUBMITTED
MATERIALS.  IN
TASKS WHERE A HAZARD COULD BE ADDRESSED UNDER TWO FACTOR AREAS IT WAS ONLY
employer
REPORTED UNDER THE FACTOR DEEMED TO BE MOST RELEVANT.
did not furnish employment and a place of employment which were free from
recognized hazards that were causing or likely to cause death or serious
physical
harm to employees in that employees were required to perform lifting tasks
and
other tasks involving ergonomic risk factors (including, but not limited
to:
repetitive motions, high force exertions, and awkward postures) resulting
TASK #1 INSPECTOR PACKER MOLDING MACHINE #2
RISK FACTOR: AWKWARD POSTURES
KNOWN HAZARD: REPEATED PINCH GRIP EXERTIONS TASK #1
EMPLOYEES WERE REQUIRED TO PERFORM REPEATED PINCH GRIP EXERTIONS WITH THE
WRIST
IN A DEVIATED POSTURE TO ACCUMULATE AND CONTROL BOWLS DURING THE STACKING
PROCESS.  OBSERVED FREQUENCIES SUGGEST THAT THIS ACTION MUST BE PERFORMED
ABOUT
2000 TO 3000 TIMES PER HOUR.
in
DEVIATING THE WRIST WHILE EXERTING REPEATED FINGER FORCE PULLS THE TENDONS
ACROSS
THE BONY AND LIGAMENTOUS ENTITIES IN THE WRIST.  THIS ACTION CAN CAUSE
CONTACT
TRAUMA TO THE TENDON AND SHEATH LEADING TO ABRASION, FRAYING, AND
INFLAMMATION
AND SWELLING.  CONTINUAL USE OF THESE ACTIONS AND POSTURES IS CONSISTENT
WITH THE
DEVELOPMENT OF TENOSYNOVITIS, TENDINITIS, AND CARPAL TUNNEL SYNDROME.
stressors that had caused, were causing or were likely to cause
musculoskeletal
injuries and/or cumulative trauma disorders.  These include low back pain,
overexertion injuries such as strains and sprains, and upper and lower
extremity
cumulative trauma disorders (UECTDs and LECTDs) such as carpal tunnel
syndrome,
tendinitis, tenosynovitis, and, epicondylitis.
a) LOCATION:  WAREHOUSE - MOLDING MACHINES #1, #2, #4, #5, #6, #7, #10, AND
KNOWN CONTROLS:
PROVIDE AUTOMATED STACKING MACHINES AT THIS WORK STATION AT THE EARLIEST
POSSIBLE
TIME.
RISK FACTOR:  FORCEFUL EXERTIONS
KNOWN HAZARD: LIFTING HEAVY LOADS TASK #1
EMPLOYEES WERE REQUIRED TO LIFT 10 STACKS OF BOWLS FROM THE HOPPER TO THE
PACKING
BOX, AND THEN LIFT THE 39 POUND BOX FROM THE PACKING STAND TO THE TAKE-AWAY
PRINTERS #41, #44, #47, ON OR ABOUT 10/16/96:
CONVEYOR.  EMPLOYEES WERE REQUIRED TO REPEATEDLY LIFT BOXES WEIGHING UP TO
39
POUNDS.
LIFTING ANALYSIS WAS PERFORMED ON THE WORK TASK USING THE NIOSH LIFTING
GUIDELINES (1991).  THIS WEIGHT IS SIGNIFICANT AS THE CLI FOR THE LIFTING
TASK
WAS CALCULATED TO BE 2.4.  TASKS WITH A CUMULATIVE LIFTING INDEX (CLI) OF
1 OR
GREATER POSE AN INCREASED RISK OF PAIN AND INJURY AND SHOULD BE CONSIDERED
AS
HAZARDOUS UNLESS APPROPRIATE ADMINISTRATIVE CONTROLS ARE IMPLEMENTED.
CONTINUED
LIFTING OF ITEMS IN THIS WEIGHT RANGE, AND WITH THIS TECHNIQUE, WITHOUT
IMPLEMENTATION OF PROPER ADMINISTRATIVE CONTROLS IS CONSISTENT WITH THE
DEVELOPMENT OF LOW BACK INJURY.
KNOWN CONTROLS:
1)  EDUCATE EMPLOYEES ON THE BASICS OF BODY BIOMECHANICS AND THE
IMPORTANCE OF
MAINTAINING THE BODY IN AN ERGONOMICALLY NEUTRAL POSITION.  GENERALLY THE
TORSO
SHOULD NOT BE BENT FORWARD MORE THAN 6 TO 10 DEGREES FROM VERTICAL, THE
ELBOWS
SHOULD BE KEPT IN CLOSE TO THE BODY AND THE TORSO SHOULD NOT TWIST DURING
LIFTING
TASKS.
2)  ELIMINATE MANUAL TRANSPORTING OF FILLED BOXES FROM THE PACKING STAND
TO THE
TAKE-AWAY CONVEYOR.  A PACKING STAND WHICH IS HEIGHT ADJUSTABLE AND
TILTABLE, AND
WHICH IS MOUNTED ON CASTERS SUCH THAT EMPLOYEES CAN ROLL THE PACKED BOXES
FROM
THE FILLING POINT TO THE TAKE AWAY CONVEYOR SHOULD BE PROVIDED.  ELEVATE
AND
SLOPE THE CONVEYOR SPUR SO IT WILL MESH WITH THE PACKING STAND ALLOWING
TRANSFER
OF THE FILLED BOX TO THE TAKE-AWAY CONVEYOR WITHOUT LIFTING IT.
3)  EXTEND AND ELEVATE THE LENGTH OF THE ROLLER CONVEYOR SPUR SUCH THAT THE
FILLED BOX CAN BE TRANSFERRED DIRECTLY FROM THE PACKING STAND TO THE
CONVEYOR
WITHOUT TRANSPORT.
4)  DEVELOP A NEW BOX DESIGN AND CHANGE THE BOX TAPING PROCEDURE SUCH THAT
EMPLOYEES CAN KEEP THEIR HANDS IN CLOSE TO THE BODY AND MINIMIZE BENDING
AT THE
WAIST.
5)  DEVELOP APPROPRIATE WORK/REST AND JOB ROTATION.  WHERE POSSIBLE
EMPLOYEES
SHOULD BE ROTATED BETWEEN JOBS WHICH STRESS DIFFERENT MUSCLES GROUPS.  A
MIXTURE
OF LIFTING AND NON-LIFTING TASKS SHOULD BE DEVELOPED IF THEY EXIST.
GENERAL
WORK/REST GUIDELINES SUGGEST THAT A BREAK OF AT LEAST 15 MINUTES SHOULD BE
PROVIDED FOR EACH 2 HOURS OF WORK.
6)  IMPLEMENT THE UTILIZATION OF ADMINISTRATIVE CONTROLS RECOMMENDED IN THE
NIOSH LIFTING  GUIDE (1981)  WHENEVER THE CLI EXCEEDS 1.
7)  ELEVATE THE PACK OFF STAND AND THE ROLLER CONVEYOR SPUR TO MINIMIZE
TORSO
FLEXIONS.
RISK FACTOR: WORKPLACE CONDITIONS
KNOWN HAZARD:  EXTENDED PERIODS OF STANDING TASK #1
EMPLOYEES WERE REQUIRED TO STAND FOR EXTENDED PERIODS WHICH CREATES
LOADING ON
THE MUSCLES OF THE BACK AND LEGS AS WELL AS CONTACT STRESS TO THE BOTTOM
OF THE
FEET.
THIS IS CONSISTENT WITH THE DEVELOPMENT OF MUSCULOSKELETAL PAIN, INJURY AND
GENERALIZED FATIGUE. IN ADDITION THIS CAN LEAD TO VENOUS POOLING OF BLOOD
IN THE
LEGS WHICH IS CONSISTENT WITH INCREASED FLUID PRESSURE IN THE LEGS AND THE
DEVELOPMENT OF VARICOSE VEINS.
KNOWN CONTROLS:
1)  WHERE EMPLOYEES ARE REQUIRED TO STAND FOR LONG PERIODS OF TIME PROVIDE
ANTI-
FATIGUE MATS AND/OR SHOES WITH WELL CUSHIONED INSTEPS AND INSOLES.
2)  SUPPLY SIT/STAND STOOLS TO EMPLOYEES SO THEY CAN ADJUST THE POSITIONS
WHICH
THEY WORK TO MINIMIZE THE AMOUNT OF LOADING ON ANY ONE MUSCLE GROUP.
TASK #2 - INSPECTOR PACKING MOLDING MACHINES #5, #6, #7, #10, #1, & #4
RISK FACTOR: AWKWARD POSTURES
KNOWN HAZARD: REPEATED EXTENDED REACHES TASK #2
EMPLOYEES WERE REQUIRED TO USE REPEATED, EXTENDED, AND ELEVATED REACHES TO
ACCESS
STACKS OF BOWLS AND CUPS; TO PLACE STACKS OF BOWLS, CUPS, AND LIDS INTO THE
BOTTOMS OF BOXES; AND TO ACCESS BOX FLATS AND TAPE.
FREQUENT REACHES ARE CONSISTENT WITH THE DEVELOPMENT OF ACUTE SHOULDER,
UPPER
ARM, AND UPPER BACK MUSCLE AND TENDON FATIGUE AND INJURY SUCH AS STRAINS,
SPRAINS, AND TEARS.  IN ADDITION TO ACUTE MUSCLE AND TENDON FATIGUE AND
FAILURE
THERE CAN BE CHRONIC TENDON WEAR AND TEAR, INFLAMMATION, AND THICKENING
FROM
REPEATED USE WHICH IS CONSISTENT WITH THE DEVELOPMENT OF UECTDS SUCH AS
BURSITIS,
TENDINITIS, AND ROTATOR CUFF INJURIES.
KNOWN CONTROLS:
1)  REDUCE THE DISTANCE AND ELEVATION EMPLOYEES MUST REACH TO PERFORM
TASKS:
BOWLS:  TILT THE ACCUMULATION TABLES AT A STEEPER ANGLE. TRAIN EMPLOYEES TO
ROTATE THE STACK 90 DEGREES, SO IT RESTS AGAINST THE LIP AT THE BOTTOM OF
THE
ACCUMULATION AREA, BEFORE IT IS LIFTED.
CUPS (VERTICALLY STACKED):  ADJUST THE KICK-OUT MECHANISM ON MOLD #7 TO
PRESENT THE CUPS CLOSER TO THE EMPLOYEE. REDUCE THE WIDTH OF THE CONVEYOR
AT
MOLD #7 TO ABOUT 12" TO MOVE THE PRODUCT CLOSER TO THE EMPLOYEE.
CUPS (HORIZONTALLY STACKED IN LANES):  BLOCK THE MIDDLE 3 LANES OF THE
ACCUMULATION DEVICE ON MOLD #10 SO ALL MATERIALS WILL BE DELIVERED TO
EMPLOYEES AT DISTANCES WHICH ARE ERGONOMICALLY DESIRABLE.  MODIFY THE
ACCUMULATOR OF MOLD #10 TO A DESIGN SIMILAR TO THAT FOUND ON MOLD #1.
BLOCK
THE INTERIOR 2 LANES OF THE ACCUMULATION DEVICE ON MOLD #1 OR INSTRUCT
EMPLOYEES TO ALLOW THE CUPS IN THESE LANES TO PUSH FORWARD PAST THE TILTED
SECTION OF THE DEVICE TO A POSITION WHERE THEY ARE CLOSER TO THEIR TORSOS.
ALL STATIONS:  LOWER THE TAPING MACHINE AND THE SUPPLY OF BOX FLATS TO
REDUCE
ELEVATED REACHES. PROVIDE VERTICAL ADJUSTABILITY AND TILT THE PACKING BOX
AT
A STEEPER ANGLE TO REDUCE THE DISTANCE TO ACCESS THE BACK OF THE BOX.
RISK FACTOR: FREQUENCY OF THE ACTION
KNOWN HAZARD: TORSO FLEXION TASK #2
EMPLOYEES WERE REQUIRED TO PERFORM FREQUENT TORSO FLEXION WITH THE ARMS
EXTENDED
IN FRONT OF THE BODY TO OPEN FLATS AND ASSEMBLE BOXES ON THE FLOOR, TO
PLACE
FILLED BOXES ON CONVEYOR SPURS, TO TAPE THE FLAPS OF FILLED BOXES, AND TO
PLACE
STACKS OF PRODUCT INTO THE BOX.  FREQUENT TORSO FLEXION IS CONSISTENT WITH
THE
DEVELOPMENT OF LOW BACK INJURIES SUCH AS MUSCLE STRAIN AND DISK
HERNIATION.
HOLDING A LOAD WHILE FLEXING THE TORSO SIGNIFICANTLY INCREASES LOW BACK
STRESS.
INCREASING THE DISTANCE THE LOAD IS HELD FROM THE BODY DIRECTLY INCREASES
THE
HAZARD OF LOW BACK INJURY.
KNOWN CONTROLS:
1)  EDUCATE THE EMPLOYEE ON THE BASICS OF BODY BIOMECHANICS AND THE
IMPORTANCE
OF MAINTAINING THE BACK IN AN ERGONOMICALLY NEUTRAL POSITION.
2)  ELEVATE THE WORK SURFACES SUCH THAT EMPLOYEES CAN PERFORM THEIR TASKS
WITHOUT
BENDING FORWARD AT THE WAIST.  PROVIDE A HEIGHT ADJUSTABLE BOX BUILDING
STAND,
PACKING STAND, AND CONVEYOR SPUR.  TILT THE PACKING STAND AT A GREATER
ANGLE SO
EMPLOYEES HAVE BETTER ACCESS TO THE INTERIOR OF THE BOX WITHOUT BENDING AND
REACHING.
RISK FACTOR: FORCEFUL EXERTIONS
KNOWN HAZARD: LIFTING HEAVY LOADS TASK #2
EMPLOYEES WERE REQUIRED TO REPEATEDLY LIFT BOXES WEIGHING UP TO 40 POUNDS
AT MOLD
#5, 38.5 AT MOLD #6, 35 AT MOLD #7, 33 AT MOLD #10, 33 AT MOLD #1 AND 29.5
TASKS:
POUNDS
AT MOLD #4.
LIFTING ANALYSIS WAS PERFORMED ON THE WORK TASK USING THE NIOSH LIFTING
GUIDELINES (1991).  THESE WEIGHTS ARE SIGNIFICANT AS THE CLI FOR THE
LIFTING TASK
WAS CALCULATED TO BE 1.8 AT MOLD #5, AND 2.7 AT MOLD #6, 2.3 AT MOLD #7,
2.3 ATMOLD #10, 2.2 AT MOLD #1, AND 2 AT MOLD #4.  TASKS WITH A CLI OF 1
OR GREATER
POSE AN INCREASED RISK OF PAIN AND INJURY AND SHOULD BE CONSIDERED AS
HAZARDOUS
- 1 - MOLD #2, TASK:  EMPLOYEES MANUALLY STACK AND PACK PLASTIC BOWLS INTO
UNLESS APPROPRIATE ADMINISTRATIVE CONTROLS ARE IMPLEMENTED.  CONTINUED
LIFTING
BOXES,
CARRY BOXES TO THE CONVEYOR, SEAL THEM AND MAKE NEW BOXES.   EVALUATION OF
THIS
TASK INDICATED THAT EMPLOYEES WERE EXPOSED TO THE ERGONOMIC STRESSORS OF
REPETITIVE GRIPPING TO GATHER PRODUCT FOR PACKING, LIFTING AND LOWERING OF
LOADS
WHILE FLEXING THE TORSO AND TWISTING, AND STANDING FOR EXTENDED PERIODS.
PACKING
OF ITEMS IN THE OBSERVED WEIGHT RANGE, AND WITH THIS TECHNIQUE, WITHOUT
IMPLEMENTATION OF PROPER ADMINISTRATIVE AND ENGINEERING CONTROLS IS
CONSISTENT
WITH THE DEVELOPMENT OF LOW BACK INJURY.
KNOWN CONTROLS:
1)  EDUCATE EMPLOYEES ON THE BASICS OF BODY BIOMECHANICS AND THE
IMPORTANCE OF
MAINTAINING THE BODY IN AN ERGONOMICALLY NEUTRAL POSITION.  GENERALLY THE
TORSO
STAND, BOX, AND CONVEYOR DESIGN FORCE EMPLOYEES TO LIFT LOADS WHILE IN
SHOULD NOT BE BENT FORWARD MORE THAN 6 TO 10 DEGREES FROM VERTICAL, THE
ELBOWS
SHOULD BE KEPT IN CLOSE TO THE BODY AND THE TORSO SHOULD NOT TWIST DURING
LIFTING
TASKS.
2)  ELEVATE THE PACK OFF STAND AND THE ROLLER CONVEYOR SPUR TO MINIMIZE
TORSO
FLEXION.
3)  ELIMINATE MANUAL TRANSPORTING OF FILLED BOXES FROM THE PACKING STAND
TO
HAZARDOUS
BODY POSTURES.  A CALCULATION OF THESE LIFTING TASKS UTILIZING THE NIOSH
LIFTING
GUIDE ALLOWABLE LIMITS (1991) INDICATED THAT THE NIOSH RECOMMENDED WEIGHT
LIMIT
FOR THIS TASK WAS CONSISTENTLY EXCEEDED.  (SEE SPECIFICS LISTED AT TASK #1
- RISK
FACTORS, KNOWN HAZARD, AND KNOWN CONTROLS).
- 2 - MOLD #5, #6, #7, #10, #1, & #4:  TASK:  EMPLOYEES RETRIEVE AND
THE
TAKE-AWAY CONVEYOR.  A PACKING STAND WHICH IS HEIGHT ADJUSTABLE AND
TILTABLE, AND
WHICH IS MOUNTED ON CASTERS SUCH THAT EMPLOYEES CAN ROLL THE PACKED BOXES
FROM
THE FILLING POINT TO THE TAKE AWAY CONVEYOR SHOULD BE PROVIDED.  ELEVATE
AND
SLOPE THE CONVEYOR SPUR SO IT WILL MESH WITH THE PACKING STAND ALLOWING
TRANSFER
INSPECT
OF THE FILLED BOX TO THE TAKE-AWAY CONVEYOR WITHOUT LIFTING IT.
4)  DEVELOP A NEW BOX DESIGN AND CHANGE THE BOX TAPING PROCEDURE SUCH THAT
EMPLOYEES CAN KEEP THEIR HANDS IN CLOSE TO THE BODY AND MINIMIZE BENDING
AT THE
WAIST.
5)  EXTEND AND ELEVATE THE LENGTH OF THE ROLLER CONVEYOR SPUR SUCH THAT THE
FILLED BOX CAN BE TRANSFERRED DIRECTLY FROM THE PACKING STAND TO THE
CONVEYOR
WITHOUT TRANSPORT.
6)  DEVELOP APPROPRIATE WORK/REST AND JOB ROTATION.  WHERE POSSIBLE
EMPLOYEES
SHOULD BE ROTATED BETWEEN JOBS WHICH STRESS DIFFERENT MUSCLES GROUPS.  A
MIXTURE
OF LIFTING AND NON-LIFTING TASKS SHOULD BE DEVELOPED IF THEY EXIST.
GENERAL
WORK/REST GUIDELINES SUGGEST THAT A BREAK OF AT LEAST 15 MINUTES SHOULD BE
PROVIDED FOR EACH 2 HOURS OF WORK.
7)  IMPLEMENT THE UTILIZATION OF ADMINISTRATIVE CONTROLS RECOMMENDED IN THE
NIOSH LIFTING GUIDE (1981)
RISK FACTOR: WORKPLACE CONDITIONS
KNOWN HAZARD: EXTENDED PERIODS OF STANDING TASK #2
EMPLOYEES WERE REQUIRED TO STAND FOR EXTENDED PERIODS WHICH CREATES
LOADING ON
THE MUSCLES OF THE BACK AND LEGS AS WELL AS CONTACT STRESS TO THE BOTTOM
OF THE
FEET.  THIS IS CONSISTENT WITH THE DEVELOPMENT OF MUSCULOSKELETAL PAIN,
INJURY
AND GENERALIZED FATIGUE.  IN ADDITION THIS CAN LEAD TO VENOUS POOLING OF
BLOOD
IN THE LEGS WHICH IS CONSISTENT WITH INCREASED FLUID PRESSURE IN THE LEGS
AND THE
DEVELOPMENT OF VARICOSE VEINS.
KNOWN CONTROLS:
1)  WHERE EMPLOYEES ARE REQUIRED TO STAND FOR LONG PERIODS OF TIME PROVIDE
ANTI-
FATIGUE MATS AND/OR SHOES WITH WELL CUSHIONED INSTEPS AND INSOLES.
2)  SUPPLY SIT/STAND STOOLS TO EMPLOYEES SO THEY CAN ADJUST THE POSITIONS
WHICH
THEY WORK TO MINIMIZE THE AMOUNT OF LOADING ON ANY ONE MUSCLE GROUP.
RISK FACTOR: AWKWARD POSTURE
KNOWN HAZARD: EXTENDED REACH TASK #2
ACCUMULATION AREA, MOLD #1:  EMPLOYEES WERE REQUIRED TO USE EXTENDED
REACHES AND
WERE REQUIRED TO FLEX THEIR TORSOS DURING THE RETRIEVAL OF PRODUCT AS IT
COMES
OUT OF THE STACKING MECHANISM.
LONG REACHES AND TORSO FLEXION ARE CONSISTENT WITH THE DEVELOPMENT OF
SHOULDER
AND LOW BACK INJURY.
KNOWN CONTROLS:
1)  INSTRUCT EMPLOYEES TO LET THE STACK OF CUPS PROCEED UP THE LANE BEFORE
THEY
ARE MANIPULATED. LET THE CUPS IN THE FARTHEST 3 LANES ACCUMULATE UNTIL
THEY ARE
PUSHED TO POSITIONS WHERE THEY CAN BE REACHED WITHOUT THE NEED FOR EXTENDED
REACHES AND TORSO FLEXION.
2)  BLOCK OFF THE FARTHEST LANES SO CUPS DO NOT ACCUMULATE IN THEM.
INSTRUCT
EMPLOYEES TO ONLY USE THE FIRST 4 LANES FOR ACCUMULATION OF CUPS.
RISK FACTOR: AWKWARD POSTURES
KNOWN HAZARD: LOAD SHIFTS TASK #2
EMPLOYEES WERE REQUIRED TO HANDLE, CARRY, AND TRANSPORT BOXES FROM THE
PACKING
STAND TO THE TAKE AWAY CONVEYOR USING THE FOLDED BOX FLAPS AS HANDLES,
WHICH
CAUSED LOAD SHIFTS AND THE POTENTIAL FOR IMPROPER LIFTS.
THERE WERE SEVERAL INJURIES NOTED IN THE OSHA-200 WHERE EMPLOYEES WERE
CARRYING
THE BOX WHEN THE FLAPS GAVE AWAY.  THIS MAY RESULT IN UNEXPECTED LOAD
SHIFTS
WHICH CAUSE EMPLOYEES TO SUPPORT A LOAD IN POSITIONS THAT ARE NOT
BIOMECHANICALLY
SOUND.  IN ADDITION TO UNEXPECTED LOSS OF CONTROL OF THE LOAD, USING THE
FLAPS
AS A HAND HOLD REQUIRES THE EMPLOYEE TO REACH DOWN AT LEAST 8 INCHES FROM
THE TOP
OF THE BOX AND ABOUT 12 TO 18 INCHES FROM THE TORSO.  REACHING DOWN AND
AWAY FROM
THE BODY MOVES THE CENTER OF LOAD AWAY FROM THE SPINE AND INCREASES THE
COMPRESSIVE LOAD ON THE SPINE.  CONTINUED USE OF THE FLAPS OF THE BOXES AS
A
HANDLE DURING THE TRANSPORT OF THE BOXES IS CONSISTENT WITH THE
DEVELOPMENT OF
MUSCULOSKELETAL INJURIES DUE TO UNEXPECTED LOSS OF CONTROL OF THE LOAD AND
INCREASES IN THE COMPRESSIVE LOAD ON THE SPINE.
KNOWN CONTROLS:
1)  EXTEND AND ELEVATE THE LENGTH OF THE ROLLER CONVEYOR SPUR SUCH THAT THE
FILLED BOX CAN BE TRANSFERRED DIRECTLY FROM THE PACKING STAND TO THE
CONVEYOR
WITHOUT TRANSPORT.
2)  DEVELOP A NEW BOX DESIGN AND CHANGE THE BOX TAPING PROCEDURE SUCH THAT
EMPLOYEES CAN KEEP THEIR HANDS IN CLOSE TO THE BODY AND MINIMIZE BENDING
AT THE
WAIST.
TASK #3 PRINT MACHINE OPERATOR - PRINTER #41, #47, # 44, #45:
RISK FACTOR:  AWKWARD POSTURES
KNOWN HAZARD: EXTENDED REACHES TASK #3
EMPLOYEES WERE REQUIRED TO USE REPEATED, EXTENDED, AND ELEVATED REACHES TO
PLACE
STACKS OF LIDS INTO PACKING BOXES, AND TO PLACE STACKS OF LIDS AND YOGURT
CUPS
INTO THE MAGAZINE OF THE PRINTING MACHINE. FREQUENT REACHES ARE CONSISTENT
WITH
THE DEVELOPMENT OF ACUTE SHOULDER, UPPER ARM, AND UPPER BACK MUSCLE AND
TENDON
FATIGUE AND INJURY SUCH AS STRAINS, SPRAINS, AND TEARS.  IN ADDITION TO
ACUTE
MUSCLE AND TENDON FATIGUE AND FAILURE THERE CAN BE CHRONIC TENDON WEAR AND
TEAR,
INFLAMMATION, AND THICKENING FROM REPEATED USE WHICH IS CONSISTENT WITH THE
DEVELOPMENT OF UECTDS SUCH AS BURSITIS, TENDINITIS, AND ROTATOR CUFF
INJURIES.
KNOWN CONTROLS:
1)  REDUCE THE DISTANCE AND ELEVATION EMPLOYEES MUST REACH TO PERFORM
TASKS.PACKERS:  PROVIDE ADDITIONAL ADJUSTMENT TO THE PACKING AREA OF THE
ROLLER
CONVEYOR SPUR.  THE AREA SHOULD BE HEIGHT ADJUSTABLE AND TILTABLE.  ROTATE
THE
LID PACKING BOX 90 DEGREES, SO PRODUCT CAN BE PLACED IN HORIZONTALLY WITH
BOTH
HANDS CLOSE TO THE TORSO.
LOADERS:  PHYSICALLY BLOCK THE LOADING AREA OF PRINTER #41 AND #47 SUCH
THAT THE
TURRET POSITIONS WHICH REQUIRE LIFTING THE ARMS AWAY FROM THE TORSO ARE
INACCESSIBLE.  REARRANGE THE CONVEYOR POSITIONING SUCH THAT THE AREA IN
FRONT OF
PRINTER #41 IS CLEAR AND DOES NOT INTERFERE WITH LOADING IN THAT AREA.
RAISE THE
DECK THAT THE EMPLOYEE ON PRINTER #47 STANDS ON SUCH THAT WHEN LOADING THE
CLOSEST TURRET POSITIONS ARMS CAN REMAIN IN CLOSE TO THE TORSO. MOVE PARTS
OF
PRINTER #47 SUCH THAT THE EMPLOYEE CAN GAIN BETTER ACCESS TO THE LOADING
AREAS.
2)  REPLACE PRINTER #41 AND #47 LOADING MAGAZINES WITH ONES SIMILAR TO
THOSE USED
ON PRINTERS #44 AND #45.
3)  LIMIT THE HEIGHT THAT BOXES CAN BE PALLETIZED TO NO MORE THAT 3 TIERS.
4)  EDUCATE EMPLOYEES ON THE BASICS OF BODY BIOMECHANICS AND THE
IMPORTANCE OF
MAINTAINING THE BODY IN AN ERGONOMICALLY NEUTRAL POSITION.
RISK FACTOR: AWKWARD POSTURE
KNOWN HAZARD: TORSO FLEXION TASK #3
EMPLOYEES WERE REQUIRED TO PERFORM FREQUENT TORSO FLEXION WITH THE ARMS
EXTENDED
IN FRONT OR TO THE SIDE OF THE BODY TO PLACE STACKS OF LIDS, BOWLS, AND
YOGURT
CUPS INTO SHIPPING BOXES AND TO LIFT FILLED BOXES FROM THE BOTTOM LEVEL OF
PALLETS. FREQUENT TORSO FLEXION IS CONSISTENT WITH THE DEVELOPMENT OF LOW
BACK
INJURIES SUCH AS MUSCLE STRAIN AND DISK HERNIATION.  HOLDING A LOAD WHILE
FLEXING
THE TORSO SIGNIFICANTLY INCREASES LOW BACK STRESS, AND INCREASING THE
DISTANCE
PRODUCT FROM THE ACCUMULATION AND AUTOSTACK AREAS AND MANUALLY PACK THE
THE LOAD IS HELD FROM THE BODY DIRECTLY INCREASES THE HAZARD OF LOW BACK
INJURY.
KNOWN CONTROLS:
1)  REDUCE TORSO FLEXION REQUIRED DURING PACKING BY PROVIDING A HEIGHT
ADJUSTABLE
AND TILTABLE ROLLER CONVEYOR SPUR TO SUPPORT THE BOX DURING LOADING AND
PACKING.
2)  REDUCE TORSO FLEXION BY PROVIDING PALLETIZERS THAT WILL AUTOMATICALLY
RAISE
PALLETIZED MATERIAL AS THE WEIGHT IS REMOVED FROM THE PALLET.
PRODUCT
INTO CARDBOARD BOXES, CARRY BOXES TO THE CONVEYOR, SEAL THEM AND MAKE NEW
BOXES.
EVALUATION OF THIS TASK INDICATED THAT EMPLOYEES WERE EXPOSED TO THE
ERGONOMIC
STRESSORS OF REPETITIVE GRIPPING TO GATHER PRODUCT FOR PACKING, REACHING TO
ELEVATED, EXTENDED AND/OR DISTANT LOCATIONS TO ACCESS MATERIALS, LIFTING
AND
LOWERING OF LOADS WHILE FLEXING THE TORSO AND TWISTING, AND CARRYING
RISK FACTOR:  FORCEFUL EXERTIONS
KNOWN HAZARD: LIFTING HEAVY LOADS TASK #3
EMPLOYEES WERE REQUIRED TO REPEATEDLY LIFT ITEMS WHICH WEIGHED 30, 33, AND
39
POUNDS, RESPECTIVELY.
LIFTING ANALYSIS WAS PERFORMED ON THE WORK TASK USING THE NIOSH LIFTING
GUIDELINES (1991).  THESE WEIGHTS ARE SIGNIFICANT AS THE CLI FOR THE
LIFTING TASK
WAS CALCULATED TO BE 1.9 AT PRINTER #41, AND 1.7 AT PRINTER #47.  OBSERVED
UNSUPPORTED
LIFTING SITUATIONS AT PRINTER #44 WHERE EMPLOYEES LIFT FILLED BOXES FROM
THE
BOTTOM TIER GENERATE A CLI OF 2.8.  THEORETICAL CALCULATION OF SITUATIONS
WHERE
EMPLOYEES LIFT FILLED BOXES FROM THE BOTTOM TIER PALLETS GENERATE CLIS OF
3.2 AND
2.4, RESPECTIVELY AT PRINTERS #41 AND #47.  TASKS WITH A CLI OF 1 OR
GREATER POSE
AN INCREASED RISK OF PAIN AND INJURY AND SHOULD BE CONSIDERED AS HAZARDOUS
UNLESS
LOADS.  PACKING STAND, BOX, AND CONVEYOR DESIGN FORCE EMPLOYEES TO LIFT
APPROPRIATE ADMINISTRATIVE CONTROLS ARE IMPLEMENTED.  CONTINUED LIFTING OF
ITEMS
LOADS
WHILE IN HAZARDOUS BODY POSTURES.  A CALCULATION OF THESE LIFTING TASKS
UTILIZING
THE NIOSH LIFTING GUIDE ALLOWABLE LIMITS (1991) INDICATED THAT THE NIOSH
RECOMMENDED WEIGHT LIMIT FOR THIS TASK IS CONSISTENTLY EXCEEDED.  (SEE
SPECIFICS
LISTED AT TASK #2 - RISK FACTORS, KNOWN HAZARD, AND KNOWN CONTROLS.)
- 3 - PRINTER #41, #47, #44, #45:  TASK:  THIS TASK INVOLVED LOADERS AND
IN THIS WEIGHT RANGE, AND WITH THIS TECHNIQUE, WITHOUT IMPLEMENTATION OF
PROPER
ADMINISTRATIVE AND ENGINEERING CONTROLS IS CONSISTENT WITH THE DEVELOPMENT
OF LOW
BACK INJURY.
KNOWN CONTROLS:
1)  EDUCATE EMPLOYEES ON THE BASICS OF BODY BIOMECHANICS AND THE
IMPORTANCE OF
MAINTAINING THE BODY IN AN ERGONOMICALLY NEUTRAL POSITION.  GENERALLY THE
PACKERS
TORSO
SHOULD NOT BE BENT FORWARD MORE THAN 6 TO 10 DEGREES FROM VERTICAL, THE
ELBOWSSHOULD BE KEPT IN CLOSE TO THE BODY AND THE TORSO SHOULD NOT TWIST
DURING LIFTING
TASKS.
2)  ELIMINATE REDUNDANT TRANSPORTING OF FILLED BOXES FROM THE PALLET TO THE
CONVEYOR AND THEN FROM THE CONVEYOR TO THE UNPACKING STAND.  THE UNPACKING
STAND
AND THE PALLET SHOULD BE POSITIONED SUCH THAT A BOX CAN BE TAKEN DIRECTLY
FROM
THE PALLET TO THE UNPACKING STAND.
3)  LIMIT THE HEIGHT OF STACKED PALLETS TO NO MORE THAN 3 TIERS.
4)  DEVELOP A NEW BOX DESIGN WITH HAND CUTOUTS THAT ALLOWS EMPLOYEES TO
KEEP
THEIR HANDS IN CLOSE TO THE BODY AND MINIMIZES BENDING AT THE WAIST.
5)  DEVELOP APPROPRIATE WORK/REST AND JOB ROTATION.  WHERE POSSIBLE
EMPLOYEES
SHOULD BE ROTATED BETWEEN JOBS WHICH STRESS DIFFERENT MUSCLES GROUPS.  A
MIXTURE
OF LIFTING AND NON-LIFTING TASKS SHOULD BE DEVELOPED IF THEY EXIST.
GENERAL
WORK/REST GUIDELINES SUGGEST THAT A BREAK OF AT LEAST 15 MINUTES SHOULD BE
PROVIDED FOR EACH 2 HOURS OF WORK.
6)  IMPLEMENT THE UTILIZATION OF ADMINISTRATIVE CONTROLS RECOMMENDED IN THE
NIOSH LIFTING  GUIDE (1981)
7)  PROVIDE A ROTATABLE PALLETIZER OR SCISSORS LIFT AT THE POINT OF
UNLOADING
SUCH THAT THE LEVEL AND POSITIONING OF THE LOAD CAN ALWAYS BE MAINTAINED AT
ERGONOMICALLY DESIRABLE LOCATIONS.
RISK FACTOR: WORKPLACE CONDITIONS
KNOWN HAZARD: EXTENDED PERIODS OF STANDING TASK #3
PACKING EMPLOYEES WERE REQUIRED TO STAND FOR EXTENDED PERIODS WHICH CREATES
LOADING ON THE MUSCLES OF THE BACK AND LEGS AS WELL AS CONTACT STRESS TO
THE
BOTTOM OF THE FEET.  THIS IS CONSISTENT WITH THE DEVELOPMENT OF
MUSCULOSKELETAL
PAIN, INJURY AND GENERALIZED FATIGUE.  IN ADDITION THIS CAN LEAD TO VENOUS
POOLING OF BLOOD IN THE LEGS WHICH IS CONSISTENT WITH INCREASED FLUID
PRESSURE
IN THE LEGS AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF VARICOSE VEINS.
KNOWN CONTROLS:
1)  WHERE EMPLOYEES ARE REQUIRED TO STAND FOR LONG PERIODS OF TIME PROVIDE
ANTI-
FATIGUE MATS AND/OR SHOES WITH WELL CUSHIONED INSTEPS AND INSOLES.
2)  SUPPLY SIT/STAND STOOLS TO EMPLOYEES SO THEY CAN ADJUST THE POSITIONS
WHICH
THEY WORK TO MINIMIZE THE AMOUNT OF LOADING ON ANY ONE MUSCLE GROUP.
ABATEMENT SCHEDULE
STEP 1)IMPLEMENTATION OF AN ERGONOMICS PROGRAM FOR WORKSITE ANALYSIS,
MEDICAL
MANAGEMENT, AND TRAINING AND EDUCATION, AS DETAILED IN ITEMS 1-3.  (30
DAYS)
STEP 2)SUBMIT TO THE AREA DIRECTOR A WRITTEN DETAILED PLAN OF ABATEMENT
OUTLINING A SCHEDULE FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE ENGINEERING,
ADMINISTRATIVE AND WORK PRACTICE CONTROLS, AS DETAILED IN ITEM 4, TASK
#1 TO TASK #3. (60 DAYS)
ALL PROPOSED CONTROL MEASURES SHALL BE APPROVED FOR EACH PARTICULAR USE BY
A PERSON TRAINED IN THE EVALUATION OF WORKPLACE CONDITIONS WHICH CAUSE
MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDERS.
STEP 3)IMPLEMENTATION OF THE ENGINEERING, ADMINISTRATIVE, AND WORK PRACTICE
CONTROLS. (90 DAYS)OLS.
WHO RETRIEVE BOXES OF PRODUCT FROM A PALLET AND PLACE THEM ON A CONVEYOR,
REMOVE
PRODUCT FROM BOXES AND FEED PRODUCT INTO PRINTERS, MANUALLY STACK AND PACK
PRINTED PRODUCTS AND PUSH AND PULL BOXES ALONG THE CONVEYOR.  EVALUATION
OF THIS
TASK INDICATED THAT EMPLOYEES WERE EXPOSED TO THE ERGONOMIC STRESSORS OF
REPETITIVE GRIPPING TO GATHER PRODUCT FOR PACKING, REACHING TO ELEVATED,
EXTENDED
AND/OR DISTANT LOCATIONS TO ACCESS MATERIALS, LIFTING AND LOWERING OF
LOADS WHILE
FLEXING THE TORSO AND TWISTING, AND STANDING FOR EXTENDED PERIODS.  PACKING
STAND, BOX, AND CONVEYOR DESIGN FORCE EMPLOYEES TO LIFT LOADS WHILE IN
HAZARDOUS
BODY POSTURES.  A CALCULATION OF THESE LIFTING TASKS UTILIZING THE NIOSH
LIFTING
GUIDE ALLOWABLE LIMITS (1991) INDICATED THAT THE NIOSH RECOMMENDED WEIGHT
LIMIT
FOR THIS TASK IS CONSISTENTLY EXCEEDED.  (SEE SPECIFICS LISTED AT TASK #3
- RISK
FACTORS, KNOWN HAZARD, AND KNOWN CONTROLS.)
THE EVALUATION OF THESE TASKS INDICATED THAT THE EMPLOYEES WERE EXPOSED TO
A
HAZARD WHICH CAUSED OR IS LIKELY TO CAUSE MUSCULOSKELETAL INJURIES AND OR
CUMULATIVE TRAUMA DISORDERS (CTDS).  THE EMPLOYER DID NOT IMPLEMENT AN
EFFECTIVE
CONTROL STRATEGY TO REDUCE OR ELIMINATE SUCH INJURIES OR DISORDERS.  THE
INJURY
AND ILLNESS LOGS FOR THE YEARS 1995 AND 1996 DOCUMENTED A PATTERN OF
MUSCULOSKELETAL INJURIES AND CTDS.
AMONG OTHER METHODS, ONE FEASIBLE AND ACCEPTABLE ABATEMENT METHOD TO
CORRECT THIS
HAZARD IS TO ESTABLISH AND IMPLEMENT AN ERGONOMICS MANAGEMENT PROGRAM
WHICH IS
MONITORED BY A QUALIFIED ERGONOMIST, AND WHICH INCLUDES A COMPREHENSIVE
MEDICAL
MANAGEMENT PROGRAM MONITORED BY A HEALTH CARE PROVIDER, AND WHICH CONSISTS
OF THE
FOLLOWING FOUR ELEMENTS:
1)  WORKSITE ANALYSIS
A WORKSITE ANALYSIS SHOULD BE CONDUCTED BY A QUALIFIED ERGONOMIST TO
IDENTIFY
EXISTING ERGONOMIC RISK FACTORS IN THE WORKPLACE.  THIS ANALYSIS SHOULD
INCLUDE
DEVELOPMENT AND USE OF AN ERGONOMIC CHECKLIST AND EMPLOYEE QUESTIONNAIRE.
PERIODIC SURVEYS OF THE WORKPLACE SHOULD BE CONDUCTED AT APPROPRIATE
INTERVALS
TO EVALUATE WORK PRACTICES AND ENGINEERING CONTROLS.  EMPLOYEE
PARTICIPATION IN
THE ERGONOMIC PROGRAM SHOULD BE ENCOURAGED THROUGH A MECHANISM SUCH AS AN
ERGONOMIC COMMITTEE.
2)  HAZARD PREVENTION AND CONTROL
HAZARD PREVENTION AND CONTROL INCLUDES ENGINEERING AND ADMINISTRATIVE
CONTROLS.
ENGINEERING CONTROLS ATTEMPT TO REDUCE EXTREME POSTURES, EXCESSIVE FORCES
AND
REPETITIVE MOTIONS.
ENGINEERING CONTROLS DESIGNED BY A PROPERLY TRAINED ERGONOMIC PROFESSIONAL
INCLUDE PROPER ENGINEERING DESIGN OF THE JOB, WORK STATION, AND EQUIPMENT
SO THE
WORK CAN BE PERFORMED INDEPENDENT OF SPECIFIC WORKER CHARACTERISTICS AND
TECHNIQUES.  THIS REQUIRES THE JOB BE MADE TO FIT THE WORKER AND NOT MAKE
THE
WORKER FIT THE JOB.
ADMINISTRATIVE CONTROLS ARE IMPLEMENTED TO REDUCE THE DURATION, FREQUENCY
AND
SEVERITY OF EXPOSURE TO ERGONOMIC HAZARDS. THESE CONTROLS MAY INCLUDE BUT
ARE NOT
LIMITED TO:  TRAINING OF NEW EMPLOYEES IN SAFE WORK TECHNIQUES INCLUDING
LIFTING,
WORKING WITH MINIMUM STRAIN ON THE BODY, AND MINIMIZING THE APPLICATION OF
FORCES
WITH THE FINGERS;  JOB ROTATION AND JOB ENHANCEMENT; AND ADEQUATE
MANDATORY REST
BREAKS.  IMPLEMENTATION OF AN EXERCISE PROGRAM CAN ALSO BE A HELPFUL
ADMINISTRATIVE CONTROL AS IT IMPROVES THE OVERALL STRENGTH AND HEALTH OF
THE
MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEMS OF THE WORKER POPULATION.
3)  MEDICAL MANAGEMENT PROGRAM
A MEDICAL MANAGEMENT PROGRAM IS NECESSARY TO MONITOR EMPLOYEES AND PREVENT
EARLY
SYMPTOMS FROM PROGRESSING TO INJURIES.  THIS PROGRAM SHOULD INCLUDE:
DETERMINING
THE EXTENT OF INJURIES AND ILLNESSES; DETERMINING IF INJURIES AND
ILLNESSES
ARE
CAUSED OR AGGRAVATED BY WORK; EDUCATING ALL EMPLOYEES AND SUPERVISORS ON
EARLY
SIGNS OF INJURIES AND DISORDERS AND ENCOURAGE EARLY REPORTING; INSTITUTING
A
FORMAL DOCUMENTED TRACKING AND SURVEILLANCE PROGRAM TO MONITOR INJURY
TRENDS IN
THE PLANT; PROVIDING ADEQUATE TREATMENT OF ERGONOMIC RELATED CASES
(INCLUDING NOT
REASSIGNING EMPLOYEES TO A JOB UNTIL IT HAS BEEN MODIFIED TO MINIMIZE THE
HAZARDS
THAT RESULTED IN THE INJURY); AND ALLOWING ADEQUATE TIME OFF FOR RECOVERY
AFTER
SURGERY OR OTHER AGGRESSIVE INTERVENTION.
4)  TRAINING PROGRAMS
A TRAINING PROGRAM IS NECESSARY TO PROVIDE EMPLOYEES WITH UNDERSTANDING OF
MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDERS, THEIR CONTROL AND PROPER REPORTING PROCEDURES
SO WORK
PRACTICES AND MEDICAL MANAGEMENT CAN BE DEVELOPED TO MINIMIZE THE HAZARDS.
THIS
INCLUDES DESIGNING AND IMPLEMENTING A WRITTEN TRAINING PROGRAM BY A
PROPERLY
TRAINED ERGONOMIC PROFESSIONAL FOR ALL EMPLOYEES AND CONTRACT PERSONNEL ON
THE
NATURE, CAUSES, REPORTING, AND MEANS OF PREVENTION OF ERGONOMIC RELATED
DISORDERS.  THE TRAINING PROGRAM FOR NEW AND REASSIGNED WORKERS SHOULD
ALLOW
DEMONSTRATIONS OF SAFE AND EFFECTIVE METHODS OF PERFORMING THEIR JOB;
FAMILIARIZE
EMPLOYEES WITH APPLICABLE SAFETY PROCEDURES AND EQUIPMENT;  ALLOW THE NEW
OR
REASSIGNED EMPLOYEE TO WORK WITH A SKILLED EMPLOYEE AND/OR PROVIDE ON THE
JOB
TRAINING FOR SPECIFIC JOBS; AND ALLOW NEW OR REASSIGNED EMPLOYEES TO
CONDITION
THEIR MUSCLE/TENDON GROUPS PRIOR TO WORKING AT FULL CAPACITY RATE WHICH
HAS BEENDETERMINED TO BE SAFE AND WILL NOT CAUSE ADVERSE EFFECTS.  ALL
EMPLOYEES SHOULD
BE INSTRUCTED IN THE BASICS OF BODY BIOMECHANICS, AND WORK PRACTICES TO
MINIMIZE
THE ERGONOMIC HAZARDS ASSOCIATED WITH THEIR JOBS.  RE-TRAINING SHOULD BE
DONE
ANNUALLY OR AS OPERATIONS CHANGE. MEANS FOR ADEQUATELY EVALUATING ITS
EFFECTIVENESS SHOULD BE INCORPORATED.
Recent events (2)
1998-07-23 00:00:00 — J (S) $4200.00
1997-01-14 00:00:00 — Z (S) $7000.00
1910.36 B04

Deleted Serious Gravity 01 1 instance 4 exposed
Issued: Jan 14, 1997
Abate by: Jan 22, 1997
Penalty: Initial $1,500 · Current $1,500
Recent events (2)
1998-07-23 00:00:00 — J (S) $1500.00
1997-01-14 00:00:00 — Z (S) $1500.00
1910.133 A01

Serious Gravity 01 3 instances 5 exposed
Issued: Jan 14, 1997
Abate by: Jan 22, 1997
Penalty: Initial $1,500 · Current $900 Reduced
Recent events (2)
1998-07-23 00:00:00 — J (S) $900.00
1997-01-14 00:00:00 — Z (S) $1500.00
1910.147 C06 I

Serious Gravity 03 1 instance 6 exposed
Issued: Jan 14, 1997
Abate by: Aug 1, 1998
Penalty: Initial $2,500 · Current $1,500 Reduced
Recent events (2)
1998-07-23 00:00:00 — J (S) $1500.00
1997-01-14 00:00:00 — Z (S) $2500.00
1910.147 C07 I

Serious Gravity 03 14 instances 14 exposed
Issued: Jan 14, 1997
Abate by: Feb 17, 1998
Penalty: Initial $2,500 · Current $1,500 Reduced
Recent events (2)
1998-07-23 00:00:00 — J (S) $1500.00
1997-01-14 00:00:00 — Z (S) $2500.00